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FAMILY CHILD ABUSE.
Term Paper ID:23888
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Essay Subject:
Incidence, types, abuser profile, physical & emotional/psychological effects, intervention approaches.... More...
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6 Pages / 1350 Words
7 sources, 12 Citations,
APA Format
$24.00
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Paper Abstract:
Incidence, types, abuser profile, physical & emotional/psychological effects, intervention approaches.
Paper Introduction:
CHILD ABUSE
Introduction
This research discusses child abuse in the family. Child abuse is found to be prevalent in the United States, with effects demonstrated for both the child and the family. Families at risk are identified. Nurse home visitation is considered for the prevention of child maltreatment. Nurses are viewed as knowledgeable and able to gain safe entry into the family environment.
Within The Family
In 1987, there were 2,178,000 reported cases of suspected child abuse and neglect in the United States; many other cases go unreported. Research shows that maltreated children are affected physically, socially, cognitively, and emotionally. Families
Text of the Paper:
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Safety of the home environment is increased.Earlier detection of child maltreatment by nurses results in less seriousexpressions of child maltreatment. (1994).Nurses' attitudes toward emotional, sexual, and physical abusers ofchildren with disabilities. Findings. Dr. MacMillan andThomas, R.M., M.Sc. Bmj, 312(7 22), 29-33. H., & Roberts, R. Family Process, 34, 287-3 2. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 11(5), 3 -3 8. Wasik, B. Physician recordsnote multiple visits for illness, injuries, or ingestions, child-behavioraland parental-coping problems, and emergency and hospital encounters (Olds,Henderson, Kitzman, & Cole, 1995). MacMillan, H. N. Nurses are viewed as in a key position to provide preventive andhealth promotion services to these mothers (Koniak-Griffin & Lesser, 1996;Stanton, Seidl, Pillitteri, & Smith, 1994). R., Kitzman, H., & Cole, R. Does home visitingprevent childhood injury? Parents prone to abuse show a lack of child-rearing and stress management skills. In 1996, Roberts, Kramer, and Suissa reviewed the effectiveness ofhome visiting for the prevention of childhood injury. Pediatrics, 95(3), 365-372. It has been determined that child abuse is prevalent inthe United States with effects found for all family members. Effectsof prenatal and infancy nurse home visitation of surveillance of childmaltreatment. Within The Family In 1987, there were 2,178, reported cases of suspected child abuseand neglect in the United States; many other cases go unreported. Abused children receiveinappropriate nutrition and hygiene and lack cognitive, emotional, andsocial development (MacMillan & Thomas, 1993; Wasik & Roberts, 1994).Child maltreatment results in deteriorated caregiving and an unsafe homeenvironment, multiple physician visits for injuries and injestions, andemergency department encounters (Olds, Henderson, Kitzman, & Cole, 1995). Home visitation has been noted as a means of improving the outcomesof pregnancy and reducing rates of infant mortality and morbidity. The effectiveness of home visitation has beenreviewed and findings demonstrate that these programs have the potential tosignificantly reduce rates of childhood injury. Child Abuseand Neglect, 18(3), 271-283. The purpose of this paper was to describe child abusewith the family and how it effects the entire family, using research andnursing based journal articles. The nurses particular role in child abuseintervention was explored. A history of physical and/or sexualchild abuse affects violent behavior in pregnant youth and adolescentmothers; violent and self-injurious behaviors are present. In a national child abuse programevaluation, of 1,724 families studied, 3 percent were reported to severelyabuse or neglect their child during treatment; in a second evaluation, morethan 5 percent of the adults were judged likely to mistreat their childrenin the future. Researchdemonstrates that maltreated children suffer physically, socially,cognitively, and emotionally. Abused children receive inappropriate nutrition andhygiene, receive deteriorated caregiving, and live in an unsafe homeenvironment. Child Abuse Intervention Child abuse treatment programs focus on parenting capacities andwhether or not subsequent maltreatment is prevented. S., & Suissa, S. The nurses role in child abuse intervention includes a focus on homevisitation. Abusing parents lackappropriate knowledge of child-rearing, parent coping, and stressmanagement skills. A previous study found that home visitation improved the parent-childinteractions; this study was retrospective, uncontrolled, with subjectivebiased outcome assessment. (1995). The goals oftheir pilot study were to develop a standardized intervention, to assesswhether families would enroll is such a program, to complete the visitingprotocol by at least 75 percent of the participating families, and todevelop a method to gather data on the recurrence of maltreatment. CHILD ABUSE Introduction This research discusses child abuse in the family. Olds, D., Henderson, C. Forming aconsortium,: A design for interagency collaboration in the delivery ofservice following the disclosure of incest. Womenat risk are found to improve personal development such as educationcompletion, finding work, and better planning for future pregnancy.Improvements are found regarding the safety of the home environment,reduction of child injuries, and reduction in government expenditures forlow-income families. Researchshows that maltreated children are affected physically, socially,cognitively, and emotionally. A systematic reviewof 11 randomized controlled trials of home visiting programs was performed;the trials consisted of 3433 participants. The public health nurse is viewed as the most non-threateningprofessional who can gain entrance to the home. The public nurse is viewed as having the skills, educationalbackground, and experience needed for successful home visits; the publicnurse is believed to be the most nonthreatening professional to gainentrance to the home. Public health nurse homevisitation for the tertiary prevention of child maltreatment: Results of apilot study. Trials of prenatal and infancy home visitation reveal characteristicsof success: programs need to be based on an ecological framework withmultiple factors; visitors need to visit often to develop an alliance withfamilies; visitors need to be flexible in responding to family problemsthat require immediate attention; programs need to be directed towardfamilies at greatest psychosocial disadvantage; and adequate medical andsocial service support are needed. Abused children receive deterioratedcaregiving, inappropriate nutrition and hygiene, are raised in an unsafeenvironment, and attend multiple physician visits for injuries andinjestions, and emergency department encounters. ABSTRACT Objective. Although both these studies lack comparison groups andunbiased outcome measures, findings support that the recurrence of childmaltreatment is a major problem (MacMillan & Thomas, 1993). S., Sheinberg, M., & Akamatsu, N. (1996). Child abuse isfound to be prevalent in the United States, with effects demonstrated forboth the child and the family. Rehabilitation Nursing, 19(4), 214-218. Conclusion Studies find that families with child physical abuse or neglect areat high risk to repeat this maltreatment; these children are affectedphysically, socially, cognitively, and emotionally. (1993) studied the feasibility of using public healthnurses (PHNs) for home visitation as a tertiary preventive intervention, toreduce the recurrence of child physical abuse and neglect. Nursehome visitation is considered for the prevention of child maltreatment.Nurses are viewed as knowledgeable and able to gain safe entry into thefamily environment. Studies link birth defects, disability, and chronic illness withincreased incidence of child abuse. Findings demonstrated that homevisiting programs have the potential to reduce rates of childhood injurysignificantly. Roberts, I., Kramer, M. Nurses play an important role in child abuseintervention; the earlier detection of child maltreatment by nurses resultsin less serious expressions of child abuse and neglect.----------------------- 1 3 Two other studies have demonstrated that homevisitation is effective in preventing child physical abuse and neglect fordisadvantaged families with low socioeconomic status, single-parentfamilies, and families with teenaged parents (MacMillan & Thomas, 1993). Families at risk are identified. Nurses are acquainted with home visitation and are skilled inworking with families to develop task-oriented goals. The maltreated subsample consisted of 56 families with state-verified reports of child abuse or neglect during the child's first fouryears of life. L., & Thomas, B. Abused children and their families are further traumatized by thedisclosure of abuse, with the need for multiple tellings required byprotective services, medical personnel, and law enforcement officials.Children may be told that they will remain with their mothers if theydisclose details of their abuse, only to find themselves removed from theirfamilies. (1994). Peck, J. Intervention of childabuse may result in further trauma for the child and the family. Parentslack parent coping and stress management skills. These findings help provide insight into theeffects of child abuse and the need for home visitation as a tertiarypreventive intervention (MacMillan & Thomas, 1993). H. Earlier and more comprehensive detection of childmaltreatment by nurses results in less serious expressions of caregivingdysfunction (Olds, Henderson, Kitzman, & Cole, 1995). Families with physical abuse or neglect areat high risk for repeated maltreatment. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 4 primiparous women who registered before the 3 th week of pregnancy; 85percent were either teenaged, unmarried, or from Hollingshead social classIV or V. (1996). Olds, Henderson, Kitzman, & Cole (1995) studied the effects ofprenatal and infancy nurse home visitation on child maltreatment.Differences in health, living conditions, and maltreatment characteristicswere determined. Other dangersinclude the presence and accessibility of poisonous substances in the homeand a lack of use of car seats or safety belts when riding in the car.Injuries and maltreatment sustained by children includes bruises,fractures, lack of food, and inadequate supervision. Public health nurseshave knowledge of community resources and are able to communicate withhealth care professionals involved in the care of the entire family.Experts also propose that the public health nurse is the most non-threatening professional who can gain entrance to the home (MacMillan &Thomas, 1993). Home visits demonstrate that child neglect results in hazardoushomes: chipped or flaking paint; sharp objects such as broken glass,boards with protruding nails, knives, or razor blades; danger of burns withpot handles turned out, irons left out, exposed heaters, and wood stoves;and objects placed at risk for falls such as on stairways. Home visitation improves women's prenatal health-relatedbehaviors, social support, and use of services; improvements in personaldevelopment include education completion, finding work, and better planningfor future pregnancy. Developmentally-oriented home visitation programs provided to low-income families have resulted in significant cognitive and socialdevelopment among infants. References Koniak-Griffin, D., & Lesser, J. Canadian Journal Psychiatry, 38(6), 436-442. Multiple physician visits for child injuries and ingestionsand emergency department encounters are reported. (1993). Parents prone to abuse have been shown to lack appropriate knowledgeof child-rearing, and they have abnormal expectations of their children;they lack an understanding of their relationship with infants. Originally experts proposed that home visitation would provide ameans of enhancing the parent-child relationship through education andsupport. In a study of58 pregnant adolescents and 93 young mothers, 5 percent reported a historyof child abuse and 1 percent reported a suicide attempt within the last 12months. N. Reportsshow that home visitation improves women's prenatal health-relatedbehaviors, social support, use of services, and birthweight and length ofgestation of the baby, and reduces rates of child abuse and neglect. A systematic review of randomized controlledtrials. The educational background andexperience of nurses are reasons offered for selecting nurses as homevisitors. Family members are given conflicting messages by differentprotective or treatment agencies (Peck, Sheinberg, & Akamatsu, 1995). Survey of home visitingprograms for abused and neglected children and their families. P., Seidl, A., Pillitteri, A., & Smith, C. Stanton, M. Conclusion. Home visitation by nurseshas been found to reduce rates of childhood injury and mortalitysignificantly. The impact of childhoodmaltreatment on young mothers' violent behavior toward themselves andothers. (1995).
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