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DRESS CODE IN SCHOOL.
Term Paper ID:26810
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Essay Subject:
Argues code will have positive impact on behavior of middle & elementary school students. Need for, examples, statistics, role of parents, student rights.... More...
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5 Pages / 1125 Words
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Paper Abstract:
Argues code will have positive impact on behavior of middle & elementary school students. Need for, examples, statistics, role of parents, student rights.
Paper Introduction:
Resolved: A dress code will have a positive impact on the
behavior of middle and elementary school students.
Principals surveyed during the 1996-97 school year reported that three "serious or moderate problems in their schools" were student tardiness (40 percent of principals), student absenteeism or class cutting (25 percent), and physical conflicts among students (21 percent) (Violence: Principals, 1998, p. 1).
Teacher responses to a survey conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics reveal that "from 1990-91 to 1993-94, public elementary school teachers increasingly reported physical conflicts as moderate or serious problems... with almost 30 percent making these reports in 1993-94." Elementary school teachers citing weapons possession as a problem increased from 2.2 percent in 1990-91 to 3.4 percent in 1993-94 (Rossi &
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Available: http://eric.uoregon.edu/publications/digests. Des Moines IndependentCommunity School District that the Tinker teens had the First Amendmentright to express themselves through their clothes. opinions maybe given." (School Dress Code, 1999, p. 1-2; Measures, 1999, pp. The clash between students' right of free expression and theresponsibility of public-school authorities to provide a safe learningenvironment is the central issue in the debate over dress-code policy. 1). 1-2). Of theseschools, Chicago, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, New York andVirginia have made claims similar to Long Beach's Carl Cohn (Caruso, 1996,pp. Department of Education Safe and DrugFree Schools office 1-8 -624- 1 orhttp://www.ed.gov/updates/uniforms.html. (1998, March 18).Washington, DC: U.S. A 1996 survey of 3 6 middle school students in the Charleston (SouthCarolina) County School District found that students in a middle schoolwith a uniform policy had a significantly higher perception of theirschool's climate than did students in a school without a uniform policy(Murray, 1997, pp. One example of a dress code implemented with the early grades is theLeicester Primary School dress code. 1). Department of Education report released in March 1998, statesthat 3 percent of all public schools require students to wear uniforms:"About one-fourth (26 percent) of these schools initiated the requirementprior to the 1994-95 school year, 4 percent initiated it between the 1994-95 and 1995-96 school years, and 34 percent initiated it in 1996-97"(Violence: Schools, 1998, p. Available:http://eric.uoregon.edu/publications/digests. Principals surveyed during the 1996-97 school year reported that three"serious or moderate problems in their schools" were student tardiness (4 percent of principals), student absenteeism or class cutting (25 percent),and physical conflicts among students (21 percent) (Violence: Principals,1998, p. Mandatory school uniforms.The School Administrator, 53, 2. Washington, DC: U.S. An overview of strategies toreduce school violence. Education Week on the Web, "Commentary": 1-4.Available: http://www.edweek.org/ew/vol-16/25fossey.h16 Rossi, Robert, & Daugherty, Shannon. Inresponse many have implemented dress codes or the wearing of uniforms(Annual Report, 1998, pp. Rossey, Richard, & DeMitchell, Todd A. 2). Since then schools in Chicago, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Louisiana,Maryland, New York, Tennessee, Utah and Virginia have enacted eithervoluntary or mandatory uniform policies (Manual, 1996, p. Leicester, MA: Leicester PrimarySchool. 1). The AmericanSchool Board Journal 181, 64-65. Paliokas, Kathleen L., Futrell, Mary Hatwood, & Rist,Ray C. Parents have expressed support for uniforms because they are no longerpressured to buy the latest fashions and they spend less of the familybudget on children's clothing. 3). Available: http://eric-web.tc.columbia.edu/digests/dig115.html. Washington, DC: National Center forEducation Statistics. 1). Schwartz (1996) suggeststhat, "the first step is often establishing and widely publicizing thephilosophy that a gang presence (clothing and paraphernalia, as well asbehavior) will not be tolerated. School Law Bulletin, 25, 1-1 . Trying uniforms on for size. Schwartz, Wendy. 3). In1969, the U.S. (Leicester, Ma., 5 students, Pre-Kthru 2nd grade.) The stated purpose of the dress code is: 1) protection ofthe health and safety of the students; 2) promotion of good hygiene; 3)elimination and avoidance of future disruption in the school environment;4) reflection of community standards in schools (School Dress Code, 1999,p. (1994, Winter). 38-39). NAASP Bulletin, 8, 83-88. A school uniform program that works.Principal, 74, 28-3 . Eugene, OR: ERIC Clearinghouse onEducational Management. Available: NCES1-8 -424-1616 or http://www.ed.gov/offices/OESE/SDFS/actguid/finding3.html School Dress Code Policy. In Long Beach, only 5 parents petitionedto opt-out of the requirement to wear uniforms. A U.S. 29). 83-88). Students have since sued school districts for the right to wear bluejeans and distinctive clothing, to determine their own hair-length, andeven to cross-dress for the prom (Fossey & DeMitchell, 1997, p. Individuality vs. (1997, March 19). California leads nation in public school uniform use. A New Mexico judge's ruling that "wearing sagging pants did notconstitute speech for First Amendment purposes and sustained the district'sdress code" (Fossey & DeMitchell, 1997, p. The U.S. Available: http:// eric.uoregon.edu/publications/digests. 1999). The impact of school uniformson school climate. Eugene, OR: ERIC Clearinghouse on EducationalManagement. Supreme Court ruled in Tinker v. Available: http://nces.ed.gov/pubs98/violence/98 3 7.html. New York, NY: ERIC Clearinghouse on UrbanEducation. Violence and discipline problems in U.S. The DOEbelieves that uniforms reduce gang violence, minimize violence by reducingsome sources of conflict, and help to identify trespassers (Manual, 1996,p. (1996, Feb. Available:http://eric.uoregon.edu/publications/digests. (1997, March31). 83-88). 1). Manual on school uniforms: School uniforms: Where they are and whythey work. Lane, Kenneth E., Schwartz, Stanley L., Richardson Michael D., &VanBerum, Dennis W. 1). (1996, September/October). where the court found no evidence that such clothingcaused any disruption" (Fossey & DeMitchell, 1997, p. Violence and discipline problems in U.S. Department of Education, National Center forEducation Statistics. (1996, April). Available: http://eric-web.tc.columbia.edu/monographs/uds1 7/preventing-measures.html. In short, the courts are divided over these First Amendment cases,with no clear trend in sight. public schools: 1996-97:Principals' perceptions of discipline issues in their schools. Available: http://www.ed.gov/pubs/AnnSchoolRept98/pubpol.html. 1). Department of Education, National Center for EducationStatistics. 2). Additionally, "11 percent of teacherssaid they had been victims of violence in school, and 23 percent ofstudents reported being victims of violence in or around school" (TheAmerican Teacher, 1993, p. 5). Available: http://eric.uoregon.edu/ publications/digests. School boards are becoming increasingly more aware of theirresponsibility to provide safe school environments for students. Eugene, OR: ERICClearinghouse on Educational Management.Available: http:// eric.uoregon.edu/publications/digests. (1995, March). (1994, March). Eugene, OR: ERIC Clearinghouse onEducational Management. with almost 3 percent making these reportsin 1993-94." Elementary school teachers citing weapons possession as aproblem increased from 2.2 percent in 199 -91 to 3.4 percent in 1993-94(Rossi & Daugherty, 1996, p. 3). A survey of 1, teachers of grades 3 through 12, plus 1,18 studentsfrom grades 3 through 12, and 1 police department officials reveals that"teachers generally felt safe in the schools, but only 5 percent ofstudents felt very safe, and 22 percent were somewhat worried or veryworried about being hurt at school". (Thedistrict asked for approval from two-thirds of the parents beforeimplementing its policy.) Long Beach Superintendent Carl Cohn reported that during the firstyear school suspensions decreased by 32 percent, school crime decreased by36 percent, incidents of fighting decreased by 51 percent, and acts ofvandalism decreased by 18 percent (Cohn, 1996, pp. Additionally, "requiring uniforms is thought toincrease students' commitment to school goals and to reduce theft ofexpensive clothing and jewelry" (Schwartz, 1996, p. Eugene, OR: ERICClearinghouse on Educational Management. Schwartz (1996) reports, "Dress regulations, particularly thoseforbidding clothing associated with gang membership, are increasinglypopular" (p. A federal court ruling that a school district's dress code,specifically, "prohibiting clothes with lewd or vulgar messages, wasconstitutionally permissible." However, a Massachusetts state court rulinginvolving the same case, asserted that state statute "guarantees studentsthe right to free expression at school, even if the expression is vulgar"(Fossey & DeMitchell, 1997, p. Recentcourt decisions include: Upholding a school district's right to "prohibit students from wearingclothing with athletic-team insignia, based on evidence that such clothingwas related to gang activity." However, the "ban was struck down in theelementary schools... Caruso, Peter. How safe are thepublic schools: What do teachers say? Annual report on school safety: Chapter 1: The nature and scope ofschool violence: Public school policies and practices related to schoolsafety. 83-88). Researchers (Cohn, 1996; Loesch, 1995; Paliokos and others, 1996)claim that school uniforms help to erase cultural and economic differencesamong students, to set a serious tone for study, to facilitate schoolpride, and to improve attendance. Litigatingschool dress codes. Echoing this trend, the March 1997 issue of the CaliforniaSchool News informed its readers that as many as 25 percent of the nation'spublic elementary, middle, and junior high schools were expected toimplement dress-related policies during the 1997-98 school year (p. Caruso (1996) argues that uniformsenhance students' self-concepts, classroom behavior, and academicperformance (pp. Measures to ensure school safety. NAASP Bulletin, 81, 1 6-12. School dress codes are often implemented with the intention ofdecreasing and eliminating gang-related behavior. Violence in American's public schools.Available: http://eric-web.tc.columbia.edu/ abstracts/ed39719 .html. (1996, September). (Updates on Legislation, Budget, andActivities: 1-7.) Available: U.S. Murray, Richard K. Policies that flow from the philosophyinclude a dress code and prohibition on flashing gang signs, shouting gangslogans, and writing gang graffiti" (p. 1). Eugene, OR: ERIC Clearinghouse on EducationalManagement. (1999). And, furthermore, theJustices ruled that unless the specific form of expression actuallythreatened to disrupt the school environment, children are free to speaktheir mind (Fossey & DeMitchell, 1997, p. Resolved: A dress code will have a positive impact on thebehavior of middle and elementary school students. conformity: Theissue behind school uniforms. References The American Teacher, (1993). Teacher responses to a survey conducted by the National Center forEducation Statistics reveal that "from 199 -91 to 1993-94, publicelementary school teachers increasingly reported physical conflicts asmoderate or serious problems... 1). Available: http://www.leicester.k12.ma.us/Primary/ADMIN/DressCode.htm. Grantham, Kimberly. One of the chief arguments for school uniforms is that they makeschools safer. Concurrently,attendance rates at Whittier Elementary school increased each year sincethe policy went into effect, reaching a high of 96 percent (Caruso, 1996,pp. (1998, March18). public schools: 1996-97:School actions and reactions to discipline issues. 1 6-12). 4). Most preliminary findings come from the Long Beach Unified SchoolDistrict in Long Beach, California. LBUSD was the first U.S. (1996, October). Department of Education reports that the"potential benefits" of uniforms include helping students to resist peerpressure and helping students to concentrate on schoolwork. (1996, December). The code specifically "forbids the wearing of any gang-relatedapparel, jewelry or other similar attachments" and states, "We believe thatthese goals promote the broader mission of our schools of providingeducation to students in a positive atmosphere free of unsanitary,immodest, or obscene influences." The code anticipates Free Speecharguments and provides "an alternative means through which... (1998, October). Cohn, Carl A. 3). Restricting school dress inpublic schools. California School News, 4. You aren't what you wear. public schoolsystem to require uniforms for elementary and middle school students. American School BoardJournal, 183, 32-35. (1996, May). Available: http:// nces.ed.gov/pubs98 /violence/98 3 8.html. Loesch, Paul C.
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