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FIDEL CASTRO & GAMAL ABDEL NASSER.
Term Paper ID:28459
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Essay Subject:
Discussion of the 2 leaders; how they transormed history of their countries; world impact.... More...
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5 Pages / 1125 Words
8 sources, 29 Citations,
MLA Format
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Paper Abstract:
Discussion of the 2 leaders; how they transormed history of their countries; world impact.
Paper Introduction:
Fidel Castro and Gamal Abdel Nasser
On January 8, 1959, Fidel Castro rolled into Havana, Cuba on a U.S.-made Sherman tank to the triumphant welcoming shouts of at least 1 million Cubans, thus beginning a Communist dictatorial regime that has lasted for over 40 years. Castro was born into a large, prosperous farming family on August 13, 1926 or 1927 (CNN.com, 2000). He attended Jesuit schools and studied law. While a student, Castro was also a political activist. And after he received his degree in 1950, he established a private law practice and joined the reformist Cuban People's Party (CNN.com, 2000).
In 1952, Castro's plan to run for a parliamentary seat was foiled when General Batista overthrew the government and canceled the election. After unsuccessfully challenging the regime in court, Castro org
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"Fidel Castro." WWW: http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank. Why is that?" According toLlorente, who lives in exile in Miami, Castro's answer was "I don't know,Father; it's just that I'm in the habit of lying" (Skelly, 31).Whatever the truth of Llorente's anecdote, Castro's actions after 1959support a belief in his tendency to mislead Cuba's people about his trueintentions. While a student, Castro was also a political activist. Inaddition, Betancourt argues that Castro's quest for power was fostered byhis resentment at being an illegitimate child who lived in the same sugarcane plantation with his father's legitimate children. Betancourt argues that the United Fruitenclave where Castro spent his childhood was perhaps one of the mostblatant manifestations of a colonial relationship and seems to have had agreat impact in shaping Fidel's anti-Americanism (Betancourt, 66). CNN.com maintains that despite having received widespreadsupport from numerous Cubans because of his promises to restore the 194 constitution, pursue a moderate program and respect civil liberties, Castroimplemented far more radical policies after 196 (CNN.com). Unfortunately, Nasser's Pan-Arab dream is more in ruins nowthan it has been at any time in the past. Born in Alexandria, Egypt on January 15,1918, Nasser was the son of a post office clerk who grew up in a smallvillage in the Nile delta of the British-ruled country (CNN.com, 2 ).Later he lived in Cairo, where he took part in many anti-Britishdemonstrations and studied law before entering the Royal Military Academy.While serving in the Sudan during the late 194 s, he and three otherofficers founded the secret Free Officers revolutionary organization whoseobjective was the overthrow of the British regime and the Egyptian royalfamily (CNN.com, 2 ). Arab.net states that thegreatest symbolic humiliation for the Arabs was the fall of Jerusalem andhatred of Israel and its chief supporter, the United States, reached apinnacle (Arab.net). Arab.net maintains that the needfor capital to build the High Dam is cited as one of the reasons fornationalizing the Suez Canal (2 ). Skelly, Jack. In 1952, Castro's plan to run for a parliamentary seat was foiled whenGeneral Batista overthrew the government and canceled the election. Ultimately, the SixDay War in 1967 ended Nasser's Pan-Arab dream when Israel occupied Syria'sGolan Heights, the Gaza Strip and the West Bank in Palestine and, mostpainfully for Egypt, the Sinai (Arab.net, 2 ). Afterunsuccessfully challenging the regime in court, Castro organized anunsuccessful coup attempt in 1953. He attended Jesuit schools andstudied law. And Cuban-U.S. "Cuba's long reform." Foreign Affairs (March-April1996) 75, 2: 99-113. Reporter Jack Skelly argues that there are many reasons why Castro haslasted 4 years untouched as an enemy of the United States (Skelly, 31).However, he claims that one reason for Castro's survival is his penchantfor lying. This event contributed heavily to the Soviet decision the following yearto station nuclear missiles in Cuba and brought the world as close to thebrink of nuclear war as it has ever been (CNN.com, 2 ). "Egypt History: Nasserist Rule." WWW:http://www.arab.net/egypt/history/et_nasser.html. "Castro's Legacy." Society (July-August 1994)31, 5: 66-73. "Fidel After 4 ." Insight on the News (January 25,1999) 15, 3: 31. It meant Arabs ruled Egypt for the first time incenturies. Darwish, Adel. However,there are others who focus on Nasser's utter commitment to the retention ofpower at any cost and the consequent harsh, repressive socialist-styledictatorship that characterized his leadership, which included thepersecution, imprisonment, torture, exile or execution of his politicalopposition (Arab.net, 2 ). "Gamal Adel Nasser." WWW: http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank. Still, Nasser's opposition to Israel and his outspoken criticism ofthe West lost him the support of the United States and Europe, particularlyfor funding of the Aswan High Dam. Castro was born into a large, prosperous farming family onAugust 13, 1926 or 1927 (CNN.com, 2 ). Fidel Castro and Gamal Abdel Nasser were both charismatic butruthless leaders who transformed the history of their countries as well asthe world. Today, Cubais expanding its commercial ties with other countries and, consequently,moving toward a very different society from the one it has been in thepast. Evans, George. Nonetheless, the pride that many Arabs feltwhen the Free Officers seized power in Egypt from the British in 1952cannot be understated. Analyzing Castro's survival in Cuba requires an understanding of thehistorical context from which he emerged, particularly the dynamics of therevolutionary situation out of which he came combined with his own originsand personality (Betancourt, 66). Instead,Castro undertook a far-reaching transformation of Cuban society led by hisCommunist-dominated governmental apparatus. Notably,however, Castro himself had very little influence on the initiation oroutcome of the Bay of Pigs (CNN.com). Given the hostility Castro faced from the United States --PresidentEisenhower, had already resolved to bring the Castro regime down, ifnecessary by violence -- Castro intensified his cooperation with the SovietUnion (CNN.com). Colonel Gamal Abdel Nasser left a complicated legacy in Africa andthe Middle East and remains a subject of controversy among historians andintellectuals who cannot agree whether his 'achievements' were good or badfor his nation (Darwish, 45). The Suez Crisis propelled Nasser tothe forefront of the Arab Nationalist movement. And Castro finds that he mustnow learn to reintegrate Cuba in the international community. Then, finally, after a three-year guerrilla war againstthe corrupt and by now very unpopular Batista regime, Castro triumphantlyseized power on January 1, 1959 (CNN.com, 2 ). Works Cited Betancourt, Ernesto. Still, many contend that Nasser failed to calculate the angerthat the revolution stirred in the minds of Western politicians,particularly in Britain and France (George, 272). Skelly claims that as a student at the Jesuit-operated BelenHigh School, Castro was asked by counselor Reverent Armando Llorente:"Fidel, I notice that you tell many lies. However, the practical interests of the two countries nevermeshed and the union came to nothing (Arab.net, 2 ). "Nasser and other memories." Contemporary Review (May1999) 274, 16 : 272-273. Many political theorists argue that Nasser was a sincere Egyptianpatriot who wanted to improve the lot of his people (Arab.net). As a consequence, Nasser turned to theSoviet Union for aid (Arab.net, 2 ). Finally, Betancourtcontends that Castro's secondary school education in the late 193 s, whenthe Spanish Jesuits dominated the Belen High School he attended in Havana,fostered feelings of inferiority that may have fed his need for total power(Betancourt, 66). This group launched another unsuccessful coupattempt in 1956. He was jailed until 1955 when he wentto Mexico to organize the force that became known as the 26 of JulyMovement (CNN.com, 2 ). relations deteriorated further when JohnKennedy entered the White House, reaching a crisis point when the CIAsponsored the Bay of Pigs invasion by Cuban exiles in April 1961 (CNN.com). Andafter he received his degree in 195 , he established a private law practiceand joined the reformist Cuban People's Party (CNN.com, 2 ). Nonetheless, Arab.netmaintains that the most dramatic display of Pan-Arabism took place in 1958when Egypt united with Syria to form a single country, the United ArabRepublic. But Smith notes that this new society will be based on Cubanrealities, not those of Washington or Miami (Smith, 99). Smith, Wayne. Fidel Castro and Gamal Abdel Nasser On January 8, 1959, Fidel Castro rolled into Havana, Cuba on a U.S.-made Sherman tank to the triumphant welcoming shouts of at least 1 millionCubans, thus beginning a Communist dictatorial regime that has lasted forover 4 years. Nasser's achievements includethe redistribution of the large feudal estates into smaller parcels ofland, the increase in the country's industrial base, the establishment ofextensive free educational programs for both boys and girls and increaseddevelopment of Egypt's medical infrastructure (George, 272). "Nasser: The myth and the magic." Middle East (Feb1999) 287: 45-47. He achieved unprecedentedpopularity throughout the Arab world primarily for his support of ArabNationalism, his domestic social programs that sought to better the lot ofthe peasant majority, his nationalization of the Suez Canal and his stanceagainst British invasion (Arab.net, 2 ). Abdel Nasser emerged asthe real genius of the revolution (George, 272).
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