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EXPRESSIONISM.
Term Paper ID:29755
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Essay Subject:
Artistic movement in the early 20th Century.... More...
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4 Pages / 900 Words
2 sources, 7 Citations,
MLA Format
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Paper Abstract:
Artistic movement in the early 20th Century. Discusses the concerns, subject matter and motivations of Expressionism as a reaction to Impressionism. Comparison between the two movements: Expressionist concern with inner feelings of the artists. Impressionist concern with external experiences. Artistic aims. Work of Kandinsky, Blue Rider artists, Die Brucke.
Paper Introduction:
As an artistic movement, the original form of Expressionism encompassed all progressive movements from Fauvism and Cubism to Futurism and early abstract works. In its later form, Expressionism denoted the artistic movement that reached its peak in the early part of the 20th Century, primarily in Germany (Dictionary of 20th Century Art). This paper will describe the concerns, subject matter and motivations of Expressionism as an artistic movement, and compare it with other aesthetic positions such as Impressionism.
Expressionism may be viewed as a reaction to Impressionism. The Impressionistic movement itself was a reaction to the rigid academic conventions of the Salon. The concern of the Impressionists—Monet, Renoir, Manet, Morisot,
Text of the Paper:
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This paperwill describe the concerns, subject matter and motivations of Expressionismas an artistic movement, and compare it with other aesthetic positions suchas Impressionism. The concern of the Impressionists-Monet, Renoir,Manet, Morisot, Degas, Cezanne, Cassatt, Pissarro-was to capture "aninstantaneous impression of a scene in nature" (Stokstad 1 19). As Stokstad points out, Die Brucke attempted to further their artisticaims collectively, but other Expressionists chose to work independently.Among these were Kathe Schmidt Kollwitz whose subject matter included theconcerns of the working class, and Egon Schiele whose work "conveysphysical and psychological torment" as can be seen in his Self-PortraitNude with its "anguished expression" (1 68). AlthoughKandinsky's early work was representational and influenced by theImpressionists, his later work became non-representational, and was aninfluence on the later Abstract Expressionist movement. While the Impressionists were concerned with external appearances, theExpressionists were concerned with expressing the innermost feelings of theartists, not physical reality; the different approaches and motivationsinform the aesthetic position of each artistic movement. In its later form, Expressionism denoted theartistic movement that reached its peak in the early part of the 2 thCentury, primarily in Germany (Dictionary of 2 th Century Art). As Stokstad observes,Renoir glamorized the working class, and "the ease of their relations isemphasized by the relaxed informality of the composition itself" (1 24). Symbolism also had an impact onExpressionism. London: Phaidon Press, Ltd., 1977. Examples include Monet's Boulevard desCapucines, Paris, and Renoir's Moulin de la Galette. Whereas Renoir glamorized his subjects, the DieBrucke artists dehumanized theirs; Kirchner's Street, Berlin is anexcellent example of the sense of alienation that informed GermanExpressionism. The spiritual condition of people was amajor concern of Expressionism. The movement was a bridge betweenthe past and future. Kandinsky did not expect viewers to understand his symbolism. Swiss-born PaulKlee also exhibited with The Blue Rider as did other artists, butKandinsky's radical abstraction was the most notable aesthetic of thismovement. Subject matter included womenliving in harmony with nature as portrayed in Schmidt-Rottluf's Three Nudes-Dune Picture from Nidden. As an artistic movement, the original form of Expressionismencompassed all progressive movements from Fauvism and Cubism to Futurismand early abstract works. German Expressionism, however, which beganin the early years of the 2 th Century, had outer as well as innerconcerns. Hesought "to awaken their spirituality and thus inaugurate 'a great spiritualepoch' through the sheer force of color" (Stokstad 1 67). Compare MaryCassatt's Woman in a Loge with Edvard Munch's The Scream and the differentartistic sensibilities of Impressionism and Expressionism are vividlydemonstrated. Major artists of this movement, which means "The Bridge" in English,included Fritz Bleyl, Erich Heckel, Karl Schmidt- Rottluff, Ernst LudwigKirchner, and Emile Nolde. Works CitedStokstad, Marilyn. Expressionism may be viewed as a reaction to Impressionism. The Die Brucke period of German Expressionism that was founded inDresden in 19 5 signified a search for a new inward-searching type of artas well as a search for a new type of life, a life less conventional andfreer. Second Edition. German Expressionism, along with Cubism, represents the substructureof Modernism and Abstract Expressionism. Art History (Volume 2). "Their art suggests a Gauguinesque yearning toreturn to imaginary origins" (Stokstad 1 65). The Blue Rider was formed in Munich and major artists of thatgroup included Franz Marc and the Russian Vasily Kandinsky. Monet'sImpression, Sunrise, and Manet's Le Dejeuner sur l'Herbe are two examples.In addition to nature, other Impressionist subject matter included scenesof city life and urban leisure. Van Gogh, Gaugin, and the Post-Impressionist movement that portrayedthe psychological aspects of their subject matter influenced the artisticvision of the Expressionists. Its principal aesthetic was that the perception andexpressiveness of the artist was more important than the actual objectsportrayed in works of art. Kandinsky and TheBlue Rider artists were more spiritually oriented than the Die Brucke groupthat was more concerned with expression of powerful emotions, and thematerial world including politics. Second Edition. A blending of "Symbolism and Expressionism is evident in thework of the Belgian painter and printmaker James Ensor" (Stokstad 1 37).Ensor's The Intrigue with its disturbing facial depictions and rough painttechnique with "its almost violent application, records Ensor'sfeelings...." (Stokstad 1 37). TheImpressionistic movement itself was a reaction to the rigid academicconventions of the Salon. Whereas Die Brucke represented the most extreme form of GermanExpressionism, the other major Expressionist-oriented group in Germany inthe 191 s was the Blauer Reiter (The Blue Rider), which, as a group wasless extreme. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 2 2.Dictionary of 2 th Century Art. The young artists were critical of their bourgeois society andthe materialism of modern life.
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