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STRENGTH TRAINING AND ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE.
Term Paper ID:30212
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Essay Subject:
Proposes a research design to determine the degree to which high school football coashes & trainers use personalized strength & weight training to assist their athletes in gaining enhanced performance.... More...
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9 Pages / 2025 Words
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Paper Abstract:
Proposes a research design to determine the degree to which high school football coaches & trainers use personalized strength & weight training to assist their athleles in gaining enhanced performance. Specific types of programs and their benefits. Review of the literature. Methodology to be used. Anticipated results based on data analysis.
Paper Introduction:
Strength Training and Athletic Performance
Abstract
The proposed research focuses on determining the degree to which high school football coaches and trainers employ personalized strength and weight training regimens to assist their athletes in gaining strength, endurance, and overall improvements in conditioning, leading to enhanced performance. A review of literature was employed to develop a quantitative survey using a sample of 100 randomly selected secondary school football coaches from all playing divisions within the state. Using an instrument developed by the researcher, two research questions were asked: 1) to what degree do coaches use strength and weight training programs; and 2) what specific types of programs are employed at the secondary school level, and what are the bene
Text of the Paper:
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However, a year-round training regiment that includesweight/strength training will determine the degree to which a "naturallytalented" player increases his speed, strength, conditioning, and position-specific skills. Schoenfeld, B. Every player, however, can benefit from an overall, full body conditioningprogram (Football strategies, 2 ). (1996). Anticipated results aredescribed.Introduction Weight training, a term often used synonymously with strengthtraining, is a type of resistance training using barbells, dumbbells, ormachines to increase strength (Weight training, 1998). (1998). The instrument will also ask coaches to employ a four-point Likert-type scale to respond to a series of items capturing perceptions of theefficacy, hazards, merits, and usefulness of such programs. The second research question is: what types of strength orweight training regimens do high school football coaches employ and whatspecific exercises are used based on the position that the athlete plays?Method To provide an answer to these research questions, a survey using aninstrument developed by the researcher will be conducted. O. R., & Smith, J. Coach and AthleticDirector, 68(1), 3 -34. Using an instrumentdeveloped by the researcher, two research questions were asked: 1) to whatdegree do coaches use strength and weight training programs; and 2) whatspecific types of programs are employed at the secondary school level, andwhat are the benefits of these programs. On Friday, the athlete employs the bench, squat(Oxbo bar), and push press. Five major facts on player development. Men's Health, 9(9), 1 -1 2. (2 1). The study will enhance knowledge of the ways in which secondaryschool coaches and trainers in football programs view and employ strengthand weight training as part of a conditioning strategy. This research proposal will examine the literature on strengthtraining and weight lifting as a means of enhancing athletes' performance.Several research questions and hypotheses will be advanced based on thisreview. Ebben, W. Though strength training is only one of several ways toincrease an athlete's proficiency, speed, endurance, and ability to executeplays against an opponent, it has become in recent years a major source ofsports team development. OnWednesday, athletes participate in decline press, hang clean, lunges andpush press exercises. Mosby's Medical, Nursing & Allied Health Dictionary. P., & Blackard, D. B.F.S. Conditioning programs and exercises for football must besport specific (Football strategies, 2 ). Strength Training and Athletic Performance Abstract The proposed research focuses on determining the degree to which highschool football coaches and trainers employ personalized strength andweight training regimens to assist their athletes in gaining strength,endurance, and overall improvements in conditioning, leading to enhancedperformance. Data analysis, employing descriptive and inferential statistics(i.e., T-tests and correlation) is described. This comment is echoed by Bauer (1996), whobelieves that individualized strength training and weight training programsmust be developed for every football player participating in such programs. Reeves,Laskowski, and Smith (1998) noted that over the past twenty years, weighttraining injuries have accounted for an estimated 43,4 emergencydepartment visits out of a total of 5.6 million visits for all sports.Clearly, weight and strength training methods have the potential to harm aswell as improve an athlete's overall condition. ThePhysician and Sports Medicine, 26(2). A review of literature was employed to develop a quantitativesurvey using a sample of 1 randomly selected secondary school footballcoaches from all playing divisions within the state. Moreover, says Bouche (1996), the HIT method is safebecause it focuses on the full range of motions and multiple repetitions,as opposed to multiple sets. Data will beanalyzed in this manner to determine whether or not the size of the school(and, by extension, its football program) can be influential in shaping astrength/weight training program and, as significantly, if such training isviewed by coaches as instrumental in promoting performance improvements.Appropriate tables and other figures will display the data in the finalreport.Discussion and Conclusions It is anticipated that as the size of the high school and itsfootball program increases, coaches will report greater use of strength andweight training programs to condition their players. Athletic coachesare always searching for an edge that will put their teams in anadvantageous competitive position; many coaches whose area of expertise isfootball regard strength training and weight lifting as excellent sourcesof development for honing the skills and abilities of their athletic teams(Bauer, 1996). Strength training not only builds vital muscle mass; itcan also be invaluable in lengthening the athlete's stride. Bouche (1996) described a typical HIT program as employing Bench,Squat (Oxbo bar), incline press, and dead lift regiments on Monday. Data are to be analyzed usingdescriptive and inferential statistics as appropriate. The HIT program, properly implemented, reduces the time spent byplayers to 5 minutes through the application of forced repetitions andnegative repetitions. The rationale for thisapproach is that the more difficult the repetitions in a set of lifts orpresses become, the more force that must be generated to complete the last,very intense repetitions. The survey will identify elements of a typical HITstrength/weight training program and ask respondents to indicate which ofthese elements they employ, along with the frequency of strength/weighttraining, the personalized programs used for athletes playing differentpositions along with schedule variations for off-season and in-seasontraining activities. A researchmethodology employing a random sample of 1 secondary school footballcoaches or trainers is proposed, using an instrument developed by theresearcher. Coaches will be selected from each of the major athletic divisionsin the state to allow for a comparison of programs at small, medium, andlarge schools. Coach andAthletic Director, 66(3), 28-31. Inferential statistics, specifically T-tests and correlation(i.e., Pearson's r correlation coefficient) will be used to determine whatdifferences, if any, can be observed when respondents are grouped accordingto the athletic division in which their teams are positioned. Weighttraining injuries: Part 1: Diagnosing and managing acute conditions. Two research questions are presented that speakto the questions of how coaches in secondary school football programsemploy, value, and implement strength/weight training. (1996). It will serve toaffirm themes identified in the literature as critical to such programs andtheir outcomes. The reps and percentage of weight used arechanged from week to week. Mannie (1997) recommends high-tension strength movementsthat progressively activate the "fast-twitch" muscle fibers as the athleteapproaches the point of momentary muscle fatigue. At whatever level a footballplayer competes, the athlete who adds weight training and strength trainingto their regiment almost always demonstrates greater aptitude for the game. Available atwww.physsportsmed.com/issues/1998/ 2feb/laskow.htm. Bouche (1996) recommended that trainers should use a High IntensityTraining (HIT) program in weight rooms. A quantitative research methodology will be presented, along withanticipated results based on a data analysis strategy. Other itemswill include demographic data on the size of the football team, the ages ofathletes, and program success.Results Once all surveys have been completed and returned via mail or fax tothe researcher, data analysis will proceed. Simple descriptive statisticssuch as frequency distributions, means, medians, and modes will becomputed. Bouche (1996) cautions that each athlete must be treated differently,based on his strength. Coaches and trainers recommendthat players use both an off-season strength/weight training program and anin-season Program, with the former structured to be the hardest and mostintense, allowing the athlete to gain solid weigh and strength (Footballstrategies, 2 ). isn't (a) H.I.T. Steel wheels. Development training in football should include: 1) strengthtraining; 2) resisted training; 3) overspeed (assisted) training; 4)pylometric exercises; 5) form running; and 6) interval training (Ebben &Blackard, 1998). Bouche, J. Football coachesand trainers at no less than 1 randomly selected public high schools inthe state in which the researcher lives will be asked to participate in thesurvey. Ebben andBlackard (1998) reported that all of the National Football League strengthand conditioning coaches report the use of speed training, employingstrength/power development exercises such as Olympic style lifts, squat,step up, leg press, lunge, and the dead lift for speed enhancement, stridelengthening, and increased muscle mass. Finally, a briefdiscussion and conclusion will complete the research proposal.Literature Review Football is a sport of power, strength, speed, endurance and finesse.Of all the sports, the need for resistance training in football is probablythe most obvious. References Bauer, G. To ensure maximum increases, lifters arerequired to completely fatigue the muscles. Mannie (1997, as well as Bauer(1996) and Schoenfeld (1994) contend that football players participating insuch training should have their programs designed by skilled trainers whothen monitor performance and progress. (1997). Finally, it isanticipated that coaches and/or trainers will emphasize the necessity ofcreating individualized, carefully supervised programs for their adolescentathletes. In a strength or weight training program, the variables that must bemonitored for quality control while training anaerobically in intervalfashion include frequency, sets, repetitions, distance, intensity, reliefinterval, and duration (Mannie, 1997). MosbyYear Book, Inc., Edition 5. in your weight room. Mannie (1997) asserted that the physical development of footballplayers is a multifaceted endeavor involving several key factors.Inherited attributes are essential, as there is no substitute for geneticpotential. Be Fit Net Alliance FootballConditioning. Finally, the study will shed light on the types of suchprograms that secondary school coaches and trainers employ. Strength and weight training forspecific body parts, including arms, legs, and trunk, must be included inan effective and comprehensive program (Schoenfeld, 1994). The weightlifter may need help (forced reps)with the final few repetitions. Mannie, K. The weight rooms of high schools, colleges, and professional arenas arefilled with football players year round. Making a H.I.T. Summary The report moves from an introduction of the topic - the efficacy ofstrength or weight training in conditioning football players forperformance - to a review of relevant literature that identifies the HIT(high-intensity training) approach as most appropriate for performance andconditioning enhancement. Thefirst question is: to what degree do high school football coaches employstrength or weight training regimens to help condition football players forperformance? Reeves, et al (1998)support strength gains and training programs, but recommend carefuloversight to avoid poor technique and further recommend that youngerplayers should not participate in this kind of training because of skeletalimmaturity.Major Research Questions Two research questions will be posed in the research project. This type of program prepares andmaintains the muscles for the short, 1 percent intensity required to playthe game. It is furtheranticipated that all coaches, regardless of the size and scope of theirprograms and/or facilities, will indicate a positive attitude toward thebenefits of HIT and other strength/weight training programs. Typically, an athlete using this approach willdo 2 to 25 reps, then decrease the weight by 1 to 2 percent and continuefor another 1 to 2 reps. (1994). Speed developmentalstrategies of NFL strength & conditioning coaches. Reeves, R. (1998). K., Laskowski, E. However, it must be recognized that weight and strength training canlead to injuries if not properly programmed and supervised. Football Strategies. Coachand Athletic Director, 66(6), 6-12. Available at www.befitnet.com/fotball.htm. Such a program not only minimizesthe time spent in training, but also maximizes the use of technologicallyadvanced equipment such as Nautilus and Hammer machines along with freeweights. Coach and AthleticDirector, 65(8), 7 -73. It was anticipatedthat strength/weight training programs would be more commonplace amonglarger schools than smaller schools and that coaches at all playing levelswould perceive such programs as facilitating sports development andenhanced athletic performance. For core lifts, a change to multiple sets withhigh reps at different times of the year to avoid plateauing isrecommended. (1998).
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