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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES.
Term Paper ID:30330
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Essay Subject:
Discusses elements of the software program Suspect Pointer Index Network (SPIN).... More...
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7 Pages / 1575 Words
6 sources, 6 Citations,
APA Format
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Paper Abstract:
Discusses elements of the software program Suspect Pointer Index Network (SPIN). Databasing system and applications. How SPIN can help police and law enforcement. Value in identifying terrorists. Issue of electronic profiling. Configuration of SPIN hardware and software components. Security risks in using SPIN (corrupted data, over-reliance on technology).
Paper Introduction:
IT For Law Enforcement Agencies
A. Technology That Has the Most Immediate Value
to Law Enforcement and Reasons Why
After reviewing and studying the technology summaries and descriptions on the three sites (iacptechnology.org; nlectc.org and epgctac.com), the one software program that was found to be most relevant for today is the Suspect Pointer Index Network (SPIN) as introduced on the Egpctac site.
This is a relational database application, and SPIN is created, managed, controlled and distributed by Integrated Systems Research Corporation, an Israeli company headed by Moshe Fingerhut (P.O.Box: 35213, Jerusalem, ISRAEL, 91351, Telephone: 02-6520570 Fax: 02-6519583). The company is a high security c
Text of the Paper:
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Supervisor oversight is provided for all records entered into SPIN and all information about user system access is logged and retained. Indirect access to referenced information is transparent with respect to the application (Wong, 2 1, 17). The programsand data that the company sells that can support SPIN or function in aparallel fashion include: . Since SPIN is a database operation, and one which is most effective ina networked situation where access from one computer to another isessential, this leaves the product, and its users (the end user, and theenforcement agencies) in certain areas of electronic risk. Over reliance on SPIN could weaken natural investigative instincts of law enforcement. It becomes much more complicated when an object references other objects that also require storage in the database. As Wong pointsout An ODBMS [such as SPIN] streamlines the movement of objects to and from a storage device [creating hacker and security risks when] a developer must bind new objects to a database, or load stored objects from a database. This update process is simple if a persistent object contains simple information, such as integers. For Hardware, one or morecomputers is essential, and therefore the computer would be the mostessential hardware. What are The Primary Concerns About Privacy? If networked, data may be uploaded over wired or wireless links to a central server, which is queried for matching suspect data. B. 11, 2 1, a software program looking foradoption. Because of its unique design and open architecture approach, SPIN can use a full range of external links to related applications. Among ISR's products is ISR FleetTrack,a GPS relational databasingsystem that achieves and guarantees total control of vehicles and booststhe ability for an organization to manage its mobile assets. Garfinkel's book, written before the terrorism of Sept. Different types of users are granted access to different system capabilities based on password control. Paperless Mobile Office, which enables to send credit card transactions, invoices and forms over the air from the vehicle, . The Most Important Hardware and Software Components and Why? Chance of corruption of data through hacking or infiltration B. This is paltry when you compare it to the 1 , hospitals, 5 , hotels, or millions of individual businesses there are (Evolution, 1998). The actual specific database details are only available through Mr.Uzi Bar-Sadeh, whose internet site is http://www.matimop.org.il. The second risk comes from an over reliance on technology tothe point of denying one's investigative senses. In addition to text entries search and retrieval, SPIN also provides an ability to include image data as part of the application; e.g., suspect mug shots. 11, reflectsone attitude. For software, since the SPIN application is Linuxbased to run with Windows NT, there are two elements required. Then, the ODBMS transparently handles database updates. The typical configuration of a SPIN is a standalone PC, a lap top orconnected mainframe through LAN or WAN. For instance, in Chapter Six he states: There have also been disagreements over the accuracy of MIB's files. The HAL ishighly hardware-specific (much in the same manner as a standard UNIXkernel), but once it's ported the rest of the Executive [and therefore theSPIN]can be ported rapidly ("NT Functions", 2 1). D. 2 ), ODBMS Provides Persistent Objects ForEmbedded Java(object-oriented DBMS), Electronic Design, 15-22 This has the most immediate value because of its potential in helpingpolice and law enforcement more rapidly identify terrorists, and would giveenforcement officers a chance to see connections of detained suspects,particularly those of ethnic persuasions that have suggested a propensitytoward terrorism. Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL), . The firstis Windows NT as an operating system and SPIN. This system enables users to enter and query for detailed information on cases and events. 2-way communication using digital / voice technology, . Two Security Risks Inherent The two security risks that are inherent in the wide acceptance ofSPIN are: A. For instance, a lawenforcement official is trained to react to instincts about a situation,and this is considered a keenly honed skill. C. This is a relational database application, and SPIN is created,managed, controlled and distributed by Integrated Systems ResearchCorporation, an Israeli company headed by Moshe Fingerhut (P.O.Box: 35213,Jerusalem, ISRAEL, 91351, Telephone: 2-652 57 Fax: 2-6519583). The product is of great value to law enforcement, if used in the rightway. SPIN can be operated in a standalone or networked environment. SPIN was, until Sept. Since then, MIB has received roughly 15, requests by individuals each year, says Day. Most databaseapplications have two major requirements. The SPIN program is really electronic profiling, and, as such, raisesthe spectre of discrimination against certain groups, races, or individualswith certain lifestyles. It may be a little fancier, a little newer, a little more expensive, but to fight crime on the street, we have not armed our local officers with the full weight of technology (Seaskate, 1998). (2 1), Database Nation, New York: O'Reilly http://www.matimop.org.il. (2 1, Aug. Technology That Has the Most Immediate Value to Law Enforcement and Reasons Why After reviewing and studying the technology summaries and descriptionson the three sites (iacptechnology.org; nlectc.org and epgctac.com), theone software program that was found to be most relevant for today is theSuspect Pointer Index Network (SPIN) as introduced on the Egpctac site. Computerized digital and raster mapping, . Several nationalities have been identified following the September 11incident, and information on these people could be maintained and retrievedrapidly through SPIN. Between 25 and 3 patients per year argue with the contents of their report, he says (Garfinkel, 2 1, 64). Regarding relational database applications with Linux master systems,the Windows NT explanation for configuration explained by Microsoft isbased on the Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) that firewalls and separatesthe "details of hardware interfaces from the rest of the system. References Garfinkel, S. These two concerns, however,might be moot, since the reality of the situation is that Law enforcement is so far behind the curve in terms of technology that they really haven't had anything new in years. IT For Law Enforcement Agencies A. "Despite what they may say to the contrary, they don't really view law enforcement as an important money-maker and have been reluctant, for this reason, to invest in development of new application software or specialized hardware ...," he said, adding: "After all, there are only 17, law enforcement agencies in the entire country. A complete data search capability is included (epgctac.com). It has value over other technology right now sinceit can be linked and configured to specifically target terrorist groups andpeople who have antisocial or psychotic pasts or, if used to its maximumcapability, people who should be observed while detained. online at http://www.nlectc.org/txtfiles/policetech.html Wong, W. It was typical of the situation described in a technical reporton police technology on the Nlectc site. SPIN is designed to allow entry, storing, sorting and retrieval ofmultimedia data (images, text and sound) supporting terrorism, counter drugoperations, general case investigations, and crime analysis requirements.According to the web site: Users at nodes throughout a given jurisdiction (e.g., state, local, or regional centers) enter suspect and case data based on a wide choice of criteria. (ISR Data) http://www.epgctac.com (SPIN Data) NT Functions, (2 1), online athttp://www.microsoft.com/NTServer/ProductInfo/Comparisons/UNIX/NTappdev/2_ArchitecturalDiff.asp The Evolution and Development of Police Technology, (1998, July),Seaskate, Inc. Thecompany is a high security company that specializes in advanced technologyand advanced technology company specializing in the development of FleetManagement Systems and associated tailored relational databaseapplications. Judging from editorials in the popular press, discussions ontalk radio, and attitudes expressed in chat rooms, there is an attitude,equally strong, that perhaps sacrificing some liberties in exchange for areasonable feeling of security when flying in an airplane, visiting a highrise building, opening an envelope, or breathing. In other words, when there is more flexibility of input, there is agreater security risk because of the increase in possible windows ofpenetration. The Fair Credit Reporting Act specifically exempts medical records, but MIB agreed to be voluntarily bound by the rules after a 1983 examination by the Federal Trade Commission. A leading police computer consultant of the day had another answer: Computer manufacturers lacked great interest in the police market. In other words, the more things change, the more they stay the same.Technology such as SPIN and other relational databases can be valuable, butcannot replace standard investigation. Spin application. Business management reporting tools summarizing relevant data about the vehicle. Garfinkel, in his book Database Nation detailscase after case where database information concerning citizens has erodedour attitudes toward privacy.
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