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Women's Movements In India
Term Paper ID:40871
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Essay Subject:
This essay discusses the efforts by women to lead social reform movements in India ...... More...
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3 Pages / 675 Words
3 sources, 12 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
This essay discusses the efforts by women to lead social reform movements in India during the 1970s and 1980s, including demonstrations against sexual exploitation, anti-price rise movements, and anti-alcohol movements as the forerunners of modern women’s movements in the country.
Paper Introduction:
Women\'s Movements in India Social movements in Indian have historically incorporated women from anti-price to anti-alcohol movements Women have been victims ofsexual exploitation especially those of lower-class or caste and alsovictims of violence whether Hindu or Muslim Women\'s involvement in suchmovements and women\'s activism nevertheless has been rather complex AsSubamaniam asserts The contemporary women\'s movement comprises numerous groups and organizations which vary in location form and type groups include urban rural small large informal formal localized national internationally affiliated and combinations of
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As Poonacha (648) argues, "The goal of gender equalitycould not be achieved without undermining the existing structures of maledominance." Two specific women's groups, the All India Women's Conference andthe Young Women's Christian Association, were increasingly drawn towardwelfare activism aimed at women's development. Women also became influential in trying to launch movements aimed athelping the struggles of tribal/peasant women. These movements and others empowered women to an evengreater degree. 2 4: 648-651.Subamaniam, Mangala. Theformer was a mine workers' union that believed women should be part of thewage labor force, but the latter, a textile mill workers' union, arguedthat "even housewives had a right to participate in union work and ifmarriage to a working class man entitled a woman to his income, she alsohad the right to participate in his struggles" (Poonacha 65). Women's protests andincreasing violence against women-and their linkage with Western feminism-put women's issues in India into the spotlight. Since women associated violence against them with alcoholism, manyanti-liquor movements arose in the 197 s and 198 s, including campaigns inAndhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh and otherstates (Butaua 653). 2 4: 6541-654.Poonacha, Veena. Women also advance the struggle of laborers throughtheir participation in two unions, the Chhattisgarh Mines Shramik Sangh(CMSS) and Rajnandgaon Kapda Mazdoor Sangh (RKMS) (Poonacha 65). "The Struggle Against Violence." Contemporary Sociology Nov. Women have been victims ofsexual exploitation, especially those of lower-class or caste, and alsovictims of violence, whether Hindu or Muslim. "Listening To Unheard Voices: Women's Articulation and Action Within The People's Movements of the 196 s and 197 s." Contemporary Sociology Nov. As Subamaniam (638) writes, "The books published in the198 s and after reflect the increasing momentum of the movement in the post197 s," and bookstores exclusively selling books on "feminism and womenalso began to emerge in the 198 s." The women's movement in contemporarytimes in India continues to be diverse and complex, but its origins arefirmly rooted in those movements of the 197 s and 198 s.Works CitedButaua, Urvashi. In the 197 s, marginalized women's groups were able toexpress their views through radical leftist groups and Gandhian Sarvodayagroups, which were "brutally repressed by the state" (Poonacha 648).However, these movements led to movements by women to counter male sexualaggression, claiming rape was a method of political intimidation usedagainst women. During the 197 s, one of the first national issues that uniteddifferent women's groups was the Mathura rape case. "A Symposium Bridging Scholarship: The Indian Women's Movement." Contemporary Sociology Nov. Despite thiscomplexity, modern women's movement in India can trace its origins to thestruggle for Indian liberation and various movements in the 197 s and198 s. In fact, the Mathura protests forced the Indiagovernment to amend the Evidence Act, the Criminal Procedure Code, and theIndian Penal Code, while evolving the category of "custodial rape" (Butaua653). A young girl namedMathura was raped in a police station, but when the officers accused ofraping her were acquitted, widespread protests by women erupted in 1979-198 (Butaua 652). AsSubamaniam asserts: The contemporary women's movement comprises numerous groups and organizations, which vary in location, form, and type; groups include urban, rural, small, large, informal, formal, localized, national, internationally affiliated, and combinations of all these forms (635)like local informal branches of national organizations. Women's involvement in suchmovements and women's activism, nevertheless, has been rather complex. The women's movements of the 197 s and 198 s were attached to lawreforms, "whether it was the law on sex determination, on rape, or onmarriage" (Butaua 653). 2 4: 635-639. The tribal women'sengagement in protest in the Shramik Sanghatana movement in DhuliaMaharashtra stemmed from the sexual assault of a tribal woman farm workerby her landlord, something common among the lower-class/caste women, in1978 (Poonacha 65 ). Women's Movements in India Social movements in Indian have historically incorporated women,from anti-price to anti-alcohol movements. Such movements represent groups that hadsevered ties with the Communist Party of India, seeing no future in thepolitics of "accommodation" and "compromise" (Poonacha 65 ). Women's movements becamemore prominent during the 197 s and 198 s, from the "militant protest inWynad and Srikakulam to the nonviolent anti-price rise and Chipkomovements" (Poonacha 65 ).
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