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Nanotechnology
Term Paper ID:44465
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Essay Subject:
A metaphysical analysis of human vis-a-vis artificial intelligence with reference to nanotechnology which concludes ...... More...
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3 Pages / 675 Words
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Paper Abstract:
A metaphysical analysis of human vis-a-vis artificial intelligence, with reference to nanotechnology, which concludes that AI remains an artifact of human intelligence, despite human speculation to the contrary
Paper Introduction:
Research on the structure of the human brain has demonstrated that itis flexible enough to adapt to the unexpected and by implication can besaid to be a guardian of human intelligence As one commentator puts it although the brain\'s right and left hemispheres perform vastly different functions each side in a pinch can compensate fairly well for the other side Jensen p Under the principle of relativelateralization the left brain tends to govern the human capacity forcreativity while the right brain tends
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United States: Universal.Sellars, W. Indeed, Sellarsraises an issue relevant to intelligence, arguing that meanings are derivedfrom perceived knowledge of facts, even though what is perceived may nothave "first class" truth, or actual being. As a matter of logic, the short answerto whether a machine can replicate the complex operation of the human brain--given (a) the shift from simplistic understanding of the brain to a morecomplex and paradoxical one and (b) the fact that the machine is ipso factoa product or artifact of the deployment of human intellect rather than anindependent organic development--is manifestly no. . Mind, 59, 433- 46 . 31)? Nano structures are akin to the molecularbuilding blocks of larger structures. The research consensus today isthat, in general, the left brain "processes 'parts,' language, and it doesso sequentially." The right brain "processes 'wholes,' spatial information,and it does so randomly" (p. Little big science. (Director). (Director). Our molecular future: How nanotechnology, robotics, genetics, and artificial intelligence will transform the world. Sellars raises acomplex set of questions about the circumstances under which an adequateaccount of first-class reality--actual as opposed to perceived facts--canbe ultimately given. ReferencesCameron, J. 19). P. Writing in1952, Turing observes that programming and technical conventions enable thecomputer's power, and he predicts that by the end of the 2 th century,"words and general educated opinion will have altered so much that one willbe able to speak of machines thinking without expecting to be contradicted"(Turing, 195 , p. Indeed, to the degree machines process wholes and parts, it appearsmanifestly the case that a computer can indeed think, and think and computemore rapidly and complexly than any individual human being or group ofhuman beings; few chess players can beat the chess computer. Artificial intelligence: AI [Motion picture]. Computing machinery and intelligence. .for the other side" (Jensen, 2 8, p. [Motion picture]. Thus (for example) lighter but stronger aircraft,spacecraft, and industrial apparatus have been posited. 19-2 ), especially where the vagaries oflearning are concerned. In part that is because, as Jensen documents,the experts have had to abandon simplistic ideas of how the human brainoperates. Accordingly, some expertsadvise learners to engage in "cross-lateral" exercises (e.g., pat head andrub belly; stress-reduction activities), which may have the effect oftending to optimize learning performance. To be sure, all such protocolsoriginate with human intelligence, but Turing envisions a "supercritical"machine that could develop original theoretical structures of thought (p.454). Citing relevant research, he explains the brainas engaged in processes, operating through time and in environmentalcontexts that may affect how it functions. The truth is that the Terminator (1984) series of machines has notarrived yet to terrorize the world, nor the adumbration of Pinocchioenvisioned in the film Artificial Intelligence: AI (2 1) to blur the linesbetween human magical thinking and the limits of the working apparatus, noreven the behemoth, room-sized American monster that "mates" with itsRussian twin in Colossus: The Forbin Project (197 ) to appropriate the ColdWar to its own peaceful but world-tyrannical purposes. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.Libaers, D., Meyer, M., & Geuna, A. A similar point is made by Sellars (1989, p. 61) when he observes ofknowledge in general that "[m]uch of what we call perception is believing"--that is, taking for granted the truth of what is observed. (1989). (2 8). Although adefinitive definition of nanotechnology is elusive, it has been describedin terms of compression, miniaturization, even (or especially)molecularization. In Scientific American Editors (Eds.), Understanding technology (pp. Brain-based learning: The new paradigm of teaching (2nd ed.). Oneprediction is that robots of the future will be self-replicating Robosapiens whose performance and service capacities and moral sensibilitieswill have evolved such that Homo sapiens will be obliged to address therights and psychoemotional constructs of the machinery (Mulhall, 2 2). Colossus: The Forbin project. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 31(4), 443-45 .Mulhall, D. One key high-tech application hasbeen the interposition of nanometers of less than microscopic size uponcomputer discs and a variety of instrumentation to improve connectivity,sensitivity, conductive electronic power, and physical strength (Libaers,Meyer, & Geuna, 2 6). (2 1). Jensen says of human intelligence that the brain biologically driveshuman beings to "seek out new learning" because learning is a survivalmechanism (2 8, p. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.Sargent, J. Yet as Turing forcefullyargues, a machine could be programmed (by human intellect) to replicate thebehavior of "consciousness" in a way that could block (human) cognition ofthe reality of the machine as a machine (195 , pp. Thatmay include how knowledge is acquired and whether what is or seems to beknown is in fact real or existent. can compensate fairly well . In one area of emerging research and technology--nanotechnology--thekind of fusion of human and artificial intelligence of which Turing speakshas been envisioned and, some would say, begun to evolve. The metaphysics of epistemology. Nanotech structures "are designed through processes thatexhibit fundamental control over the physical and chemical attributes ofmolecular-scale structures, and they can be combined to form largerstructures" (Stix, 2 2, p. Under the principle of "relativelateralization," the left brain tends to govern the human capacity forcreativity, while the right brain tends to govern human capacity for logic.Even so, Jensen cautions against making too much of so-called left-brainand right-brain thinking. Answering that once and for all is beyond the scope ofthis research, but it highlights the problem of "knowing" how the humanbrain works and then applying that to the issue of creating an artificialmechanism of knowing that Turing suggests is possible and that may exceedhuman capacities of knowing and processing. 442). Indeed, the hemispheres alternate in cycles ofrelative efficiency every 9 minutes or so. The problem is, if facts are accessed only in terms of meanings, howis it possible to know first-class reality (p. From the compression of power and sensitivity has been inferred(mainly, it seems, by what old habits would designate left-brain types) theprospect of a "molecular future" in which progressively sensitive computersmore or less evolve into progressively more humanoid artifacts. 6-11). . United States: Warner Bros.Stix, G. Still, owing to a range of externalities, absent injury, any givenbrain may "remap" itself. Research on the structure of the human brain has demonstrated that itis flexible enough to adapt to the unexpected and, by implication, can besaid to be a guardian of human intelligence. (197 ). (1984) The terminator [Motion picture]. 9). Thestructural power conferred on existing high technology is undoubtedlyimpressive, but the moral implications of an independent, self-generatingexistence of the artifacts of that technology do not appear to havearrived, except in speculative human imagination, creative. M. As one commentator puts it,although the brain's right and left hemispheres perform "vastly different"functions, each side, "in a pinch . (195 ). The inevitable conclusion is that the left-rightdynamic is better viewed as "metaphor" than "blueprint," with thecreativity-logic paradigm being "outdated" at best and (perhapsinfuriatingly) paradoxical (pp. (2 2). New York: Warner Books.Turing, A. . The role of university spinout companies in an emerging technology: The case of nanotechnology. Emerging recognition of the complexity of human intelligence isrelevant to the issue of artificial intelligence as well as metaphysicsbecause it goes to the issue of what is "really" involved in knowing. (2 6, July). The reality of the nexus of human and artificial intelligenceappears to be that human beings project their own longing for a richer lifeonto an inanimate object so strongly that they invest the artifact withpsychoemotional capacity. It is Turing's way of asserting that machines canbe taught to learn and think based on the accretion of data filteredthrough protocols of computer language. 445-446). In sum, the first-class being-ness of AI--still more the attachment ofmoral weight to it--resides not in the machines but in human perception andspeculation. Whether a supercritical computer--that is, anartificial-intelligence machine--could develop "innate" curiosity andmotivation to influence its survival seems to belong to a differentcategory of discussion than Turing's positing of a machine that couldformulate innovative theory. 119). Atascadero, Calif.: Ridgeview Publishing Company.Spielberg, S. 18). United States: Orion.Jensen, E. (Director).
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